Charles C. Caldwell, PhD

Professor, Department of Surgery

Immune Monitoring Laboratory:

The Caldwell laboratory specializes in a variety of molecular and cell-based assays to monitor the patient’s immune system. We bring forth our expertise to design and develop assays specifically tailored for biomarker discovery. Our primary mission is to associate biomarker and functional endpoints with clinical outcomes.  We collaborate with investigators within the Department of Surgery as well as external sites. Current studies include: 1) the validation of a novel functional bioassay to identify septic patients who would benefit from immunotherapy, 2) identify immune metric(s) that can be associated with clinical outcomes of deep neck infection patients, and 3) associate immune and clinical metrics in solid organ transplant with the incidence of infection and rejection. Altogether, the overall goal of our studies is to identify patients who would potentially benefit from personalized immune therapies.

Michael D. Goodman, MD

Professor, Department of Surgery

Our lab is focused on the systemic responses to injury, and more specifically, traumatic brain injury. The primary theme of this line of research focuses on the effects of brain injury on coagulation and inflammation and examines the interaction of these two responses. A secondary theme of this work, done in collaboration with the United States Air Force, focuses on the response to hypobaric and hypoxic environments following traumatic brain injury and polytrauma. To this end, we have established models of traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic shock, and tissue injury to further examine the physiologic responses to secondary insults following primary injuries. Additional laboratory projects are examining the roles of platelet activation and platelet-derived microvesicles after traumatic injuries, including hemorrhagic shock, traumatic brain injury, splenectomy, and a combination of these injuries, which are established in both basic science and translational models.

Erich Gulbins, MD, PhD

Chair, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen Professor, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati

My laboratory studies the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide system in biomedicine. Currently, my lab is investigating the function of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide/acid ceramidase/sphingosine system in bacterial infections, tumor biology and cellular stress responses. In particular, we investigate the role of the acid sphingomyelinase, ceramide, acid ceramidase and sphingosine in pulmonary and systemic infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacteria (BCG). Mechanistic insights are applied to cystic fibrosis, ventilation-associated pneumonia and bacterial sepsis. Novel strategies to prevent these illnesses or treatments options are actively developed. Many cellular signalling events that are activated in response to bacterial pathogens are also involved in the response of the microenvironment to a malignant tumor. The group therefore studies the role of the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide/acid ceramidase system in cells of the microenvironment of malignant tumors for their growth and treatment response. Finally, we are interested in understanding the role of sphingolipids in cellular stress responses. We study the signalling events initiated in mammalian cells by various forms of stress and applies these basic studies to the regulation of cell death.

Alex B. Lentsch, PhD

Professor, Department of Surgery

Our laboratory studies molecular and cellular mechanisms of local and systemic inflammation induced by organ ischemia/reperfusion. Our work in this regard has evolved over the past 20 years, during which we have made several seminal contributions towards our understanding of the induction, propagation, and resolution of the acute inflammatory response to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion. We are currently investigating the divergent roles of CXC chemokines in regulating the recovery and regeneration of damaged liver parenchyma after ischemic insult. Most recently we have found that hepatocytes release exosomes that have proliferative effects during the process of tissue repair. Moreover, the release of these exosomes is regulated by the CXC chemokine receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, in a manner completely independent from their known function as chemoattractant receptors. I have also been intimately involved in other trauma-related research labs related to this training program in order to help provide our trainees the best research experience possible.

Timothy A. Pritts, MD, PhD

Professor, Department of Surgery

Our research seeks to advance care for injured and critically ill patients, with a focus on resuscitation strategies and blood product improvement, and care for the wounded warfighter. We study the impact of different resuscitation strategies on the inflammatory, endothelial, and coagulation response to hemorrhagic shock. We have found that the ideal resuscitation fluid is a one to one ratio of packed red blood cells to fresh frozen plasma. Recent efforts have examined the red blood cell storage lesion in packed red blood cells and whole blood. This lesion is a series of biochemical and physical changes in erythrocytes that leads to degradation of the quality of the blood and harm to the recipient. Our goal is to maximize the quality of erythrocytes transfused during resuscitation. Additional work focusses on the special needs of the injured warfighter. Through our partnership with the US military, we have worked together to advance our understanding of how to provide optimal care in austere and challenging environments, especially in the far-forward critical care transport setting.

Basilia Zingarelli, MD, PhD

Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Critical Care Medicine, CCHMC

Our laboratory is focused on the investigation of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of sepsis, trauma and hemorrhagic shock, which are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Ongoing projects are primarily funded by two R01 grants from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Zingarelli has identified putative anti-inflammatory nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARγ, PPARα and PPARδ ), and liver X receptors (LXRs), which regulate gene transcription of several cytotoxic modulators and may be important defense factors. Recent research efforts also focus on understanding the role of aging on the clinical course of infections, severe hemorrhage and trauma. The Zingarelli laboratory is also investigating the role of the PPARγ co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) and the AMP activated kinase (AMPK) in a variety of metabolic processes with particular interest on the molecular mechanisms of autophagy, a process that allows the cell to dispose dysfunctional organelles, and mitochondrial biogenesis, a process that allows the cell to restore energy homeostasis. The laboratory employs a multidisciplinary approach combining in vivo and in vitro experimental models in genetically modified cell lines. These models are also utilized as a translational research platform to screen novel pharmacological compounds that can modulate the molecular mechanisms of organ function. The goal is to identify specific therapeutic interventions for pediatric, adult and elderly patients.

Ellen Becker, MD

General Surgery Resident

Goodman Lab - Dr. Becker’s research includes: studying traumatic brain injury murine model evaluating effects of vagal nerve stimulation on traumatic brain injury severity, coagulation, and systemic inflammation; inflammatory cytokines outperform endotheliopathy markers and are early predictors of mortality in trauma; and semiautonomous ventilation in a porcine hemorrhage and lung injury model provides lung protective ventilation.

Darren Turner, MD

General Surgery Resident

Morales Lab – The subject of Dr. Turner’s research involves large animal studies which look at the systemic effects of cardiac pulmonary bypass.  Moving forward, he is researching the outcomes of using para oriole, pulsatile flow, ventricular system devices versus perioral, continuous flow ventricular system devices as a bridge to heart transplant in pediatric patients.

Gregory Wetmore, MD

General Surgery Resident

Goodman and Pritts Labs – Dr. Wetmore is looking at UCHL1 as a novel marker of hemorrhagic shock.  He is also looking into the direct role of red blood cells in the contribution to clot formation.