Aaron Delman, MD

Ahmed, Ola; Doyle, Maria Bernadette Majella; Abouljoud, Marwan S; Alonso, Diane; Batra, Ramesh; Brayman, Kenneth L; Brockmeier, Diane; Cannon, Robert M; Chavin, Kenneth; Delman, Aaron M; DuBay, Derek A; Finn, Jan; Fridell, Jonathan A; Friedman, Barry S; Fritze, Danielle M; Ginos, Derek; Goldberg, David S; Halff, Glenn A; Karp, Seth J; Kohli, Vivek K; Kumer, Sean C; Langnas, Alan; Locke, Jayme E; Maluf, Daniel; Meier, Raphael P H; Mejia, Alejandro; Merani, Shaheed; Mulligan, David C; Nibuhanupudy, Bobby; Patel, Madhukar S; Pelletier, Shawn J; Shah, Shimul A; Vagefi, Parsia A; Vianna, Rodrigo; Zibari, Gazi B; Shafer, Teresa J; Orloff, Susan L 2024. Liver Transplant Costs and Activity After United Network for Organ Sharing Allocation Policy Changes. JAMA surgery, 159 8, 939-947

Delman, Aaron M; Whitrock, Jenna N; Turner, Kevin M; Donovan, Eileen C; Quillin, Ralph C; Shah, Shimul A; Patel, Sameer H; Ahmad, Syed A; Wilson, Gregory C 2024. Defining the operative time threshold for safety in patients undergoing robotic pancreaticoduodenectomy. HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association, 26 3, 323-332

Fakunle, Damilola R; Ammann, Allison M; Sisak, Stephanie; Delman, Aaron M; Vaysburg, Dennis M; Lemon, Kristina; Silski, Latifa; Holm, Tammy; Shah, Shimul A; Quillin, Ralph C 2024. Sex Disparities in Academic Productivity and Rank Among Abdominal Transplant Faculty in the United States. Transplantation proceedings, 56 1, 260-264

Turner, Kevin M; Delman, Aaron M; Lim, Szu-Aun; Marasligiller, Stefan; Ammann, Allison M; Vaysburg, Dennis M; Wallen, Taylor E; Ahmad, Syed A; Wilson, Gregory C; Patel, Sameer H 2024. Contemporary Outcomes of Grade-C Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula in a Nationwide Database. The Journal of surgical research, 296 , 302-309

Van Haren, Robert M; Kovacic, Melinda Butsch; Delman, Aaron M; Pratt, Catherine G; Griffith, Azante; Arbili, Lana; Harvey, Krysten; Kohli, Eshika; Pai, Ahna; Topalian, Alique; Rai, Shesh N; Shah, Shimul A; Kues, John 2024. Disparities Associated with Decision to Undergo Oncologic Surgery: A Prospective Mixed-Methods Analysis. Annals of surgical oncology, 31 9, 5757-5764

Whitrock, Jenna N; Price, Adam D; Delman, Aaron M; Pratt, Catherine G; Silski, Latifa S; Lemon, Kristina H; Chang, Alex L; Cuffy, Madison C; Quillin, Ralph C; Shah, Shimul A 2024. Safety and use of late-turndown liver allografts to increase rate of transplantation. HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association, 26 9, 1148-1154

Whitrock, Jenna N; Sisak, Stephanie; Pratt, Catherine G; Delman, Aaron M; Price, Adam D; Wima, Koffi; Shah, Shimul A; Quillin, Ralph Cutler 2024. Primary Team Versus Local Recovery in Liver Transplantation in the Modern Era: A National Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Database. Clinical transplantation, 38 8, e15418

Baucom, Matthew R; Wallen, Taylor E; Youngs, Jaclyn; Singer, Kathleen E; Delman, Aaron M; Schuster, Rebecca M; Blakeman, Thomas C; Strilka, Richard; Pritts, Timothy A; Goodman, Michael D 2023. Effectiveness of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy During Aeromedical Evacuation Following Soft Tissue Injury and Infection. Military medicine, 188 Suppl 6, 295-303

Turner, Kevin M; Delman, Aaron M; Griffith, Azante; Wima, Koffi; Patel, Sameer H; Wilson, Gregory C; Shah, Shimul A; Van Haren, Robert M 2023. Feeding Jejunostomy Tube in Patients Undergoing Esophagectomy: Utilization and Outcomes in a Nationwide Cohort. World journal of surgery, 47 11, 2800-2808

Whitrock, Jenna N; Chae, Ryan C; Kinzer, Alexandra B; Delman, Aaron M; Price, Adam D; Sisak, Stephanie; Carter, Michela M; Cuffy, Madison C; Lemon, Kristina H; Chang, Alex L; Silski, Latifa S; Quillin, Ralph C; Shah, Shimul A 2023. Long-term follow-up of temporary abdominal closure in complex abdomens during liver transplant. Surgery, 174 4, 996-1000

Ammann, Allison M; Wallen, Taylor E; Delman, Aaron M; Turner, Kevin M; Salvator, Ann; Pritts, Timothy A; Makley, Amy T; Goodman, Michael D 2022. Low Volume Blood Product Transfusion Patterns And Ratios After Injury. American journal of surgery, 224 5, 1319-1323

Delman, Aaron M; Van Haren, Robert M 2022. Commentary: Semper ad meliora: Continuous improvement in enhanced recovery pathways. JTCVS open, 9 , 329-330

Rogers, Michael E; Delman, Aaron; Campbell, Kathleen; Miethke, Alexander; Tiao, Greg; Mullapudi, Bhargava; Bondoc, Alex 2022. Children undergoing early liver re-transplantation for primary non-function have improved survival. Pediatric transplantation, 26 7, e14347

Turner, Kevin M; Delman, Aaron M; Donovan, Eileen C; Brunner, John; Wahab, Shaun A; Dai, Yufei; Choe, Kyuran A; Smith, Milton T; Patel, Sameer H; Ahmad, Syed A; Wilson, Gregory C 2022. Total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation: a 10-year update on outcomes and assessment of long-term durability. HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association, 24 11, 2013-2021

Turner, Kevin M; Delman, Aaron M; Kharofa, Jordan; Olowokure, Olugbenga; Sohal, Davendra; Quillin, R Cutler; Shah, Shimul A; Ahmad, Syed A; Patel, Sameer H; Wilson, Gregory C 2022. A National Assessment of T2 Staging for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and the Poor Prognosis Associated with Multifocality. Annals of surgical oncology, 29 8, 5094-5102

Delman, Aaron M; Ammann, Allison M; Turner, Kevin M; Vaysburg, Dennis M; Van Haren, Robert M 2021. A narrative review of socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of esophageal cancer. Journal of thoracic disease, 13 6, 3801-3808

Buehler, Anna E; Ciuffetelli, Isabella V; Delman, Aaron M; Kent, Saida A; Bayard, Dominique F; Cooney, Elizabeth; Halpern, Scott D; Detsky, Michael E 2018. Contributors to Intensive Care Unit Clinicians' Predictions of Patient Outcomes: A Qualitative Analysis. American journal of critical care : an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, 27 6, 445-453

Detsky, Michael E; Kohn, Rachel; Delman, Aaron M; Buehler, Anna E; Kent, Saida A; Ciuffetelli, Isabella V; Mikkelsen, Mark E; Turnbull, Alison E; Harhay, Michael O 2018. Patients' perceptions and ICU clinicians predictions of quality of life following critical illness. Journal of critical care, 48 , 352-356

Gosset, Alexi T; Sklar, Michael C; Delman, Aaron M; Detsky, Michael E 2018. Patients' primary activities prior to critical illness: how well do clinicians know them and how likely are patients to return to them? Critical care (London, England), 22 1, 340

Detsky, Michael E; Harhay, Michael O; Bayard, Dominique F; Delman, Aaron M; Buehler, Anna E; Kent, Saida A; Ciuffetelli, Isabella V; Cooney, Elizabeth; Gabler, Nicole B; Ratcliffe, Sarah J; Mikkelsen, Mark E; Halpern, Scott D 2017. Six-Month Morbidity and Mortality among Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Life-Sustaining Therapy. A Prospective Cohort Study. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 14 10, 1562-1570

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Ammann A.M.; Millar D.A.; Goodman M.D.; Janowak C.F. 12-01-2022. A method for identifying the learning curve for the surgical stabilization of rib fractures Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 93 6, 743-749

Turner K.M.; Morris M.C.; Delman A.M.; Hanseman D.; Johnston F.M.; Greer J.; Walle K.V.; Abbott D.E.; Raoof M.; Grotz T.E.; Fournier K.; Dineen S.; Veerapong J.; Maduekwe U.; Kothari A.; Staley C.A.; Maithel S.K.; Lambert L.A.; Kim A.C.; Cloyd J.M.; Wilson G.C.; Sussman J.J.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H. 12-01-2022. Do Lymph Node Metastases Matter in Appendiceal Cancer with Peritoneal Carcinomatosis? A US HIPEC Col Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 26 12, 2569-2578

Vaysburg D.M.; Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Salvator A.; Frasier L.L. 12-01-2022. Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Cholecystectomy Timing Predicts Hand-Offs but Not Miscounts Journal of Surgical Research, 280 , 55-62

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Griffith A.; Schepers E.; Ammann A.M.; Holm T.M. 11-01-2022. Minimally Invasive Surgery for Resectable Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Nationwide Analysis Journal of Surgical Research, 279 , 200-207

Vaysburg D.M.; Morris C.; Kassam A.F.; Delman A.M.; Ammann A.M.; Cortez A.R.; Van Haren R.M.; Quillin R.C. 11-01-2021. Who is Committed to Education? An Analysis of Surgical Education Research Publications Journal of Surgical Education, 78 6, e93-e99

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Safdar K.; Anwar N.; Silski L.S.; Lee T.C.; Luckett K.; Cuffy M.C.; Quillin R.C.; Schoech M.; Kaiser T.E.; Govil A.; Bari K.; Shah S.A. 10-01-2021. Expanding the Donor Pool: First Use of Hepatitis B Virus Nat Positive Solid Organ Allografts Into Se Annals of surgery, 274 4, 556-564

Qadan M.; Fong Z.V.; Delman A.M.; Gabr A.; Salem R.; Shah S.A. 10-01-2021. Review of Use of Y90 as a Bridge to Liver Resection and Transplantation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 25 10, 2690-2699

Turgeon M.K.; Shah S.A.; Delman A.M.; Tran B.V.; Agopian V.G.; Wedd J.P.; Magliocca J.F.; Kim A.; Cameron A.; Olyaei A.; Orloff S.L.; Anderson M.P.; Kubal C.A.; Cannon R.M.; Locke J.E.; Simpson M.A.; Akoad M.E.; Wongjirad C.P.; Emamaullee J.; Moro A.; Aucejo F.; Feizpour C.A.; Vagefi P.A.; Nguyen M.H.; Esquivel C.O.; Dhanireddy K.; Subramanian V.; Chavarriaga A.; Kazimi M.M.; Anderson M.S.; Sonnenday C.J.; Kim S.C.; Foley D.P.; Abdouljoud M.; Salgia R.J.; Moris D.; Sudan D.L.; Ganesh S.R.; Humar A.; Doyle M.; Chapman W.C.; Maithel S.K. 10-01-2021. Optimal Timing of Administration of Direct-acting Antivirals for Patients With Hepatitis C-associate Annals of surgery, 274 4, 613-620

Vaysburg D.M.; Cortez A.R.; Hanseman D.J.; Delman A.M.; Morris C.; Kassam A.F.; Kutz D.; Lewis J.; Van Haren R.M.; Quillin R.C. 10-01-2021. An analysis of applicant competitiveness to general surgery, surgical subspecialties, and integrated Surgery (United States), 170 4, 1087-1092

Ammann A.M.; Delman A.M.; Bethi M.; Turner K.M.; Sedaghat A.R.; Holm T.M. 09-01-2022. Gender Disparities in Academic Productivity and Promotion Among Endocrine Surgery Faculty Journal of Surgical Research, 277 , 335-341

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Ahmad M.; Silski L.A.S.; Hanseman D.; Tang A.; Steward D.; Shah S.A.; Holm T.M. 09-01-2022. Surgery is Underutilized in the Management of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Journal of Surgical Research, 277 , 261-268

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Silski L.S.; Quillin R.C.; Estrada M.; Lemon K.; Cuffy M.C.; Shah S.A. 09-01-2022. The Kidney Transplant Equity Index: Improving Racial and Ethnic Minority Access to Transplantation Annals of Surgery, 276 3, 420-429

Ammann A.M.; Delman A.M.; Shah S.A. 09-01-2021. Using Technology to Facilitate Monitoring of Transplant Patients Current Transplantation Reports, 8 3, 228-234

Auriemma C.L.; Chen L.; Olorunnisola M.; Delman A.; Nguyen C.A.; Cooney E.; Gabler N.B.; Halpern S.D. 09-01-2017. Public Opinion Regarding Financial Incentives to Engage in Advance Care Planning and Complete Advanc American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, 34 8, 721-728

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Wima K.; Simon V.E.; Starnes S.L.; Shah S.A.; Van Haren R.M. 08-01-2022. Offering lung resection to current smokers: An opportunity for more equitable care Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 164 2, 400-408.e1

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Kharofa J.; Olowokure O.; Sohal D.; Cutler Quillin R.; Shah S.A.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H.; Wilson G.C. 08-01-2022. ASO Visual Abstract: A National Assessment of T2 Staging for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and the Annals of Surgical Oncology, 29 8, 5105-5106

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Kharofa J.; Olowokure O.; Sohal D.; Quillin R.C.; Shah S.A.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H.; Wilson G.C. 08-01-2022. A National Assessment of T2 Staging for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and the Poor Prognosis Assoc Annals of Surgical Oncology, 29 8, 5094-5102

Delman A.M.; Van Haren R.M. 07-01-2022. Commentary: Mitigating lung cancer mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 164 1, 241-242

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Ammann A.M.; Sohal D.; Olowokure O.; Choe K.A.; Smith M.T.; Kharofa J.R.; Ahmad S.A.; Wilson G.C.; Patel S.H. 07-01-2022. Is There a Benefit to Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Resected, Early Stage Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinom Annals of Surgical Oncology, 29 7, 4610-4619

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Johnston M.E.; Hanseman D.; Wilson G.C.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H. 07-01-2022. Is endocrine and exocrine function improved following duodenal preserving pancreatic head resection HPB, 24 7, 1194-1200

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Kharofa J.R.; Smith M.T.; Choe K.A.; Olowokure O.; Wilson G.C.; Patel S.H.; Sohal D.; Ahmad S.A. 07-01-2022. Radiation therapy in borderline resectable pancreatic cancer: A review Surgery (United States), 172 1, 284-290

Detsky M.E.; Harhay M.O.; Bayard D.F.; Delman A.M.; Buehler A.E.; Kent S.A.; Ciuffetelli I.V.; Cooney E.; Gabler N.B.; Ratcliffe S.J.; Mikkelsen M.E.; Halpern S.D. 06-06-2017. Discriminative accuracy of physician and nurse predictions for survival and functional outcomes 6 mo JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 317 21, 2187-2195

Vaysburg D.M.; Delman A.M.; Sisak S.; Turner K.M.; Ammann A.M.; Cortez A.R.; Shah S.A.; Quillin R.C. 06-01-2023. Biophysiological stress and sleep deprivation among abdominal transplant surgery fellows: A prospect American Journal of Surgery, 225 6, 962-966

Whitrock J.N.; Delman A.M.; Shah S.A. 06-01-2023. Comment on 'Declining Medicare reimbursement in abdominal transplant: Is Medicare getting a “two for Surgery (United States), 173 6, 1491-1492

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Ammann A.M.; Schepers E.; Vaysburg D.M.; Cortez A.R.; Van Haren R.M.; Wilson G.C.; Shah S.A.; Quillin R.C. 06-01-2022. The volume-outcomes relationship in donation after circulatory death liver transplantation Clinical Transplantation, 36 6,

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Vaysburg D.M.; Kharofa J.R.; Smith M.T.; Choe K.A.; Olowokure O.; Sohal D.; Wilson G.C.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H. 06-01-2022. ASO Visual Abstract: Systemic Therapy for Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma-How Much Is Enough? Annals of surgical oncology, 29 6, 3475-3476

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Vaysburg D.M.; Kharofa J.R.; Smith M.T.; Choe K.A.; Olowokure O.; Sohal D.; Wilson G.C.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H. 06-01-2022. Systemic Therapy for Resected Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: How Much is Enough? Annals of Surgical Oncology, 29 6, 3463-3472

Delman A.M.; Ammann A.M.; Turner K.M.; Vaysburg D.M.; van Haren R.M. 06-01-2021. A narrative review of socioeconomic disparities in the treatment of esophageal cancer Journal of Thoracic Disease, 13 6, 3801-3808

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Jones C.R.; Vaysburg D.M.; Silski L.S.; King C.; Luckett K.; Safdar K.; Quillin R.C.; Shah S.A. 06-01-2021. Keeping the lights on: Telehealth, testing, and 6-month outcomes for orthotopic liver transplantatio Surgery (United States), 169 6, 1519-1524

Delman A.M.; Van Haren R.M. 06-01-2021. Simple and Scalable Targets for Prehabilitation: The Potential of Strong for Surgery World Journal of Surgery, 45 6, 1715-1716

Delman A.M.; Kassam A.F.; Turner K.M.; Ammann A.M.; Lynch C.; Morris M.C.; Vaysburg D.M.; Cortez A.R.; Quillin R.C. 05-01-2023. Incidence of attrition among early-career abdominal transplant surgeons Surgery (United States), 173 5, 1113-1119

Wilson G.C.; Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Wahab S.; Ofosu A.; Smith M.T.; Choe K.A.; Patel S.H.; Ahmad S.A. 04-01-2023. Long-Term Survival Outcomes after Operative Management of Chronic Pancreatitis: Two Decades of Exper Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 236 4, 601-610

Delman A.M.; Lee T.C.; Wima K.; Morris M.C.; Kassam A.F.; Shah S.A.; Quillin R.C. 04-01-2022. Utilization and effectiveness of the organ procurement and transplantation network “safety-net” poli Surgery (United States), 171 4, 1073-1082

Delman A.M.; Patel S.H. 04-01-2022. The laparoscopic approach to major liver resection: There's more than meets the eye Surgery (United States), 171 4, 980-981

Delman A.M.; Ammann A.M.; Shah S.A. 04-01-2021. The current status of virus-positive liver transplantation Current opinion in organ transplantation, 26 2, 160-167

Van Haren R.M.; Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Waits B.; Hemingway M.; Shah S.A.; Starnes S.L. 04-01-2021. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Lung Cancer Screening Program and Subsequent Lung Cancer Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 232 4, 600-605

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Ammann A.M.; Sisak S.; Farooqui Z.; Holm T.M. 03-01-2023. The national rate of malignancy among Bethesda III, IV, and V thyroid nodules is higher than expecte Surgery (United States), 173 3, 645-652

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Johnson K.; Patel S.H.; Wilson G.C.; Shah S.A.; Van Haren R.M. 03-01-2023. Robotic-Assisted Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy: Postoperative Outcomes in a Nationwide Cohort Journal of Surgical Research, 283 , 152-160

Turner K.M.; Wahab S.A.; Delman A.M.; Brunner J.; Smith M.T.; Choe K.A.; Patel S.H.; Ahmad S.A.; Wilson G.C. 03-01-2023. Predicting endocrine function after total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation: A novel Surgery (United States), 173 3, 567-573

Vaysburg D.M.; Delman A.M.; Ammann A.M.; Turner K.M.; Winer L.K.; Sussman J.J.; Makley A.T.; Goodman M.D.; Quillin R.C.; Van Haren R.M. 03-01-2023. General Surgery Residency Virtual Recruitment During the Pandemic: An Analysis of Applicant Surveys Journal of Surgical Research, 283 , 33-41

Delman A.M.; Van Haren R.M. 03-01-2022. Commentary: Semper ad meliora: Continuous improvement in enhanced recovery pathways JTCVS Open, 9 , 329-330

Delman A.M.; Shah S.A.; Cuffy M.C. 02-01-2023. Equitable Policies and Center-Level Commitment May Be Associated With Improved Access to Kidney Tran JAMA network open, 6 2, e2254666

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Wima K.; Quillin R.C.; Shah S.A.; Ahmad S.A.; Patel S.H.; Wilson G.C. 02-01-2023. Microsatellite instability is associated with worse overall survival in resectable colorectal liver American Journal of Surgery, 225 2, 322-327

Cortez A.R.; Delman A.M.; Quillin R.C. 01-01-2023. Examining the transplant case composition of early-career transplant surgeons Clinical Transplantation, 37 1,

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Griffith A.; Wima K.; Wallen T.E.; Starnes S.L.; Budde B.M.; Van Haren R.M. 01-01-2023. The Impact of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery on Persistent Opioid Use Following Pulmonary Resection Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 115 1, 249-255

Ammann A.M.; Wallen T.E.; Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Salvator A.; Pritts T.A.; Makley A.T.; Goodman M.D. 01-01-2022. Low Volume Blood Product Transfusion Patterns And Ratios After Injury American Journal of Surgery, ,

Delman A.M.; Cuffy M.C. 01-01-2022. Invited commentary: Focusing upstream to improve equity in living donor transplantation: From theory Surgery (United States), ,

Delman A.M.; Shah S.A. 01-01-2022. Access Is Necessary, but Not Sufficient, to Improve Survival and Mitigate Disparity in Pancreatic Ca Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 234 1, 84-85

Delman A.M.; Turner K.M.; Ammann A.M.; Tang A.; Steward D.; Holm T.M. 01-01-2022. Avoiding delays in time to renal transplantation: Pretransplant thyroid malignancy does not affect p Surgery (United States), 171 1, 220-226

Rogers M.E.; Delman A.; Campbell K.; Miethke A.; Tiao G.; Mullapudi B.; Bondoc A. 01-01-2022. Children undergoing early liver re-transplantation for primary non-function have improved survival Pediatric Transplantation, ,

Turner K.M.; Delman A.M.; Donovan E.C.; Brunner J.; Wahab S.A.; Dai Y.; Choe K.A.; Smith M.T.; Patel S.H.; Ahmad S.A.; Wilson G.C. 01-01-2022. Total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation: a 10-year update on outcomes and assessment HPB, ,

Delman A.M.; Silski L.S.; Shah S.A. 01-01-2021. The Opportunity for Impactful Policy Change in Liver Transplantation - Expanding Our Definition of Q JAMA Network Open, ,