Anil G. Menon, PhD

Kumari, S Sindhu; Varadaraj, Murali; Menon, Anil G; Varadaraj, Kulandaiappan 2018. Aquaporin 5 promotes corneal wound healing. Experimental eye research, 172 , 152-158

Sindhu Kumari, S; Gupta, Neha; Shiels, Alan; FitzGerald, Paul G; Menon, Anil G; Mathias, Richard T; Varadaraj, Kulandaiappan 2015. Role of Aquaporin 0 in lens biomechanics. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 462 4, 339-45

Aggarwal, Neil R; Chau, Eric; Garibaldi, Brian T; Mock, Jason R; Sussan, Thomas; Rao, Keshav; Rao, Kaavya; Menon, Anil G; D'Alessio, Franco R; Damarla, Mahendra; Biswal, Shyam; King, Landon S; Sidhaye, Venkataramana K 2013. Aquaporin 5 regulates cigarette smoke induced emphysema by modulating barrier and immune properties of the epithelium. Tissue barriers, 1 4, e25248

Kawedia, Jitesh D; Yang, Fan; Sartor, Maureen A; Gozal, David; Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria; Menon, Anil G 2013. Hypoxia and hypoxia mimetics decrease aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression through both hypoxia inducible factor-1? and proteasome-mediated pathways. PloS one, 8 3, e57541

Kumari, S Sindhu; Varadaraj, Murali; Yerramilli, Venkata S; Menon, Anil G; Varadaraj, Kulandaiappan 2012. Spatial expression of aquaporin 5 in mammalian cornea and lens, and regulation of its localization by phosphokinase A. Molecular vision, 18 , 957-67

SenthamaraiKannan, Paranthaman; Sartor, Maureen A; O'Connor, Kyle T; Neumann, Jonathan C; Klyza, James P; Succop, Paul A; Wagner, Brad D; Karyala, Saikumar; Medvedovic, Mario; Menon, Anil G 2011. Identification of maternally regulated fetal gene networks in the placenta with a novel embryo transfer system in mice. Physiological genomics, 43 7, 317-24

Kikuchi, Kenichiro; Kawedia, Jitesh; Menon, Anil G; Hand, Arthur R 2010. The structure of tight junctions in mouse submandibular gland. Anatomical record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007), 293 1, 141-9

Kawedia, Jitesh D; Jiang, Mengmeng; Kulkarni, Amit; Waechter, Holly E; Matlin, Karl S; Pauletti, Giovanni M; Menon, Anil G 2008. The protein kinase A pathway contributes to Hg2+-induced alterations in phosphorylation and subcellular distribution of occludin associated with increased tight junction permeability of salivary epithelial cell monolayers. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 326 3, 829-37

Kawedia, Jitesh D; Nieman, Michelle L; Boivin, Gregory P; Melvin, James E; Kikuchi, Ken-Ichiro; Hand, Arthur R; Lorenz, John N; Menon, Anil G 2007. Interaction between transcellular and paracellular water transport pathways through Aquaporin 5 and the tight junction complex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 104 9, 3621-6

Sasaki, Yasumasa; Tsubota, Kazuo; Kawedia, Jitesh D; Menon, Anil G; Yasui, Masato 2007. The difference of aquaporin 5 distribution in acinar and ductal cells in lacrimal and parotid glands. Current eye research, 32 11, 923-9

Ingraham, Susan E; Lynch, Roy A; Surti, Urvashi; Rutter, Joni L; Buckler, Alan J; Khan, Sohaib A; Menon, Anil G; Lepont, Pierig 2006. Identification and characterization of novel human transcripts embedded within HMGA2 in t(12;14)(q15;q24.1) uterine leiomyoma. Mutation research, 602 1-2, 43-53

Tong, Qiusheng; Menon, Anil G; Stockand, James D 2006. Functional polymorphisms in the alpha-subunit of the human epithelial Na+ channel increase activity. American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 290 4, F821-7

Brzezinski, J L; Deka, R; Menon, A G; Glass, D N; Choi, E 2005. Variability in TRBV haplotype frequency and composition in Caucasian, African American, Western African and Chinese populations. International journal of immunogenetics, 32 6, 413-20

Gabazza, Esteban C; Kasper, Michael; Ohta, Kotsuke; Keane, Michael; D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Corina; Fujimoto, Hajime; Nishii, Yoichi; Nakahara, Hiroki; Takagi, Takehiro; Menon, Anil G; Adachi, Yukihiko; Suzuki, Koji; Taguchi, Osamu 2004. Decreased expression of aquaporin-5 in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in the mouse. Pathology international, 54 10, 774-80

D'Souza, Vanessa M; Shertzer, Howard G; Menon, Anil G; Pauletti, Giovanni M 2003. High glucose concentration in isotonic media alters caco-2 cell permeability. AAPS pharmSci, 5 3, E24

Menon, Anand G; Kuppen, Peter J K; van der Burg, Sjoerd H; Offringa, Rienk; Bonnet, Marie Claude; Harinck, Bert I J; Tollenaar, Rob A E M; Redeker, Anke; Putter, Hein; Moingeon, Philippe; Morreau, Hans; Melief, Cornelis J M; van de Velde, Cornelis J H 2003. Safety of intravenous administration of a canarypox virus encoding the human wild-type p53 gene in colorectal cancer patients. Cancer gene therapy, 10 7, 509-17

Merves, Michele; Krane, Carissa M; Dou, Hongwei; Greinwald, John H; Menon, Anil G; Choo, Daniel 2003. Expression of aquaporin 1 and 5 in the developing mouse inner ear and audiovestibular assessment of an Aqp5 null mutant. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO, 4 2, 264-75

Yang, Fan; Kawedia, Jitesh D; Menon, Anil G 2003. Cyclic AMP regulates aquaporin 5 expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels through a protein kinase A pathway. The Journal of biological chemistry, 278 34, 32173-80

Nejsum, Lene N; Kwon, Tae-Hwan; Jensen, Uffe B; Fumagalli, Ornella; Frøkiaer, Jørgen; Krane, Carissa M; Menon, Anil G; King, Landon S; Agre, Peter C; Nielsen, Søren 2002. Functional requirement of aquaporin-5 in plasma membranes of sweat glands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 99 1, 511-6

Woo, Daniel; Sauerbeck, Laura R; Kissela, Brett M; Khoury, Jane C; Szaflarski, Jerzy P; Gebel, James; Shukla, Rakesh; Pancioli, Arthur M; Jauch, Edward C; Menon, Anil G; Deka, Ranjan; Carrozzella, Janice A; Moomaw, Charles J; Fontaine, Robert N; Broderick, Joseph P 2002. Genetic and environmental risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage: preliminary results of a population-based study. Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation, 33 5, 1190-5

Kishore, B K; Kran, C M; Reif, M; Menon, A G 2001. Molecular physiology of urinary concentration defect in elderly population. International urology and nephrology, 33 2, 235-48

Krane, C M; Fortner, C N; Hand, A R; McGraw, D W; Lorenz, J N; Wert, S E; Towne, J E; Paul, R J; Whitsett, J A; Menon, A G 2001. Aquaporin 5-deficient mouse lungs are hyperresponsive to cholinergic stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 98 24, 14114-9

Krane, C M; Melvin, J E; Nguyen, H V; Richardson, L; Towne, J E; Doetschman, T; Menon, A G 2001. Salivary acinar cells from aquaporin 5-deficient mice have decreased membrane water permeability and altered cell volume regulation. The Journal of biological chemistry, 276 26, 23413-20

Nebert, D W; Menon, A G 2001. Pharmacogenomics, ethnicity, and susceptibility genes. The pharmacogenomics journal, 1 1, 19-22

Su, Y R; Menon, A G 2001. Epithelial sodium channels and hypertension. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 29 4 Pt 2, 553-6

Towne, J E; Krane, C M; Bachurski, C J; Menon, A G 2001. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibits aquaporin 5 expression in mouse lung epithelial cells. The Journal of biological chemistry, 276 22, 18657-64

Ivanenkov, V V; Menon, A G 2000. Peptide-mediated transcytosis of phage display vectors in MDCK cells. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 276 1, 251-7

Kishore, B K; Krane, C M; Di Iulio, D; Menon, A G; Cacini, W 2000. Expression of renal aquaporins 1, 2, and 3 in a rat model of cisplatin-induced polyuria. Kidney international, 58 2, 701-11

Towne, J E; Harrod, K S; Krane, C M; Menon, A G 2000. Decreased expression of aquaporin (AQP)1 and AQP5 in mouse lung after acute viral infection. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 22 1, 34-44

Baird, N R; Orlowski, J; Szabó, E Z; Zaun, H C; Schultheis, P J; Menon, A G; Shull, G E 1999. Molecular cloning, genomic organization, and functional expression of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 5 (NHE5) from human brain. The Journal of biological chemistry, 274 7, 4377-82

Ingraham, S E; Lynch, R A; Kathiresan, S; Buckler, A J; Menon, A G 1999. hREC2, a RAD51-like gene, is disrupted by t(12;14) (q15;q24.1) in a uterine leiomyoma. Cancer genetics and cytogenetics, 115 1, 56-61

Ivanenkov, ; Felici, ; Menon, 1999. Corrigendum to: 'Uptake and intracellular fate of phage display vectors in mammalian cells'. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1451 2-3, 364

Ivanenkov, V V; Felici, F; Menon, A G 1999. Targeted delivery of multivalent phage display vectors into mammalian cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1448 3, 463-72

Ivanenkov, V; Felici, F; Menon, A G 1999. Uptake and intracellular fate of phage display vectors in mammalian cells. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1448 3, 450-62

Krane, C M; Towne, J E; Menon, A G 1999. Cloning and characterization of murine Aqp5: evidence for a conserved aquaporin gene cluster. Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society, 10 5, 498-505

Simon, M; Köster, G; Menon, A G; Schramm, J 1999. Functional evidence for a role of combined CDKN2A (p16-p14(ARF))/CDKN2B (p15) gene inactivation in malignant gliomas. Acta neuropathologica, 98 5, 444-52

von Deimling, A; Larson, J; Wellenreuther, R; Stangl, A P; van Velthoven, V; Warnick, R; Tew, J; Balko, G; Menon, A G 1999. Clonal origin of recurrent meningiomas. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 9 4, 645-50

Bhugra, B; Smolarek, T A; Lynch, R A; Meloni, A M; Sandberg, A A; Deaven, L; Menon, A G 1998. Cloning of a breakpoint cluster region on chromosome 14 in uterine leiomyoma. Cancer letters, 126 2, 119-26

Einum, D D; Zhang, J; Arneson, P J; Menon, A G; Ptacek, L J 1998. Genomic structure of human anion exchanger 3 and its potential role in hereditary neurological disease. Neurogenetics, 1 4, 289-92

Lynch, R A; Piper, M; Bankier, A; Bhugra, B; Surti, U; Liu, J; Buckler, A; Dear, P H; Menon, A G 1998. Genomic and functional map of the chromosome 14 t(12;14) breakpoint cluster region in uterine leiomyoma. Genomics, 52 1, 17-26

Rutkowski, M P; Klanke, C A; Su, Y R; Reif, M; Menon, A G 1998. Genetic markers at the leptin (OB) locus are not significantly linked to hypertension in African Americans. Hypertension, 31 6, 1230-4

Smolarek, T A; Wessner, L L; McCormack, F X; Mylet, J C; Menon, A G; Henske, E P 1998. Evidence that lymphangiomyomatosis is caused by TSC2 mutations: chromosome 16p13 loss of heterozygosity in angiomyolipomas and lymph nodes from women with lymphangiomyomatosis. American journal of human genetics, 62 4, 810-5

Cruz, M; Elenich, L A; Smolarek, T A; Menon, A G; Monaco, J J 1997. DNA sequence, chromosomal localization, and tissue expression of the mouse proteasome subunit lmp10 (Psmb10) gene. Genomics, 45 3, 618-22

Cui, Y; Su, Y R; Rutkowski, M; Reif, M; Menon, A G; Pun, R Y 1997. Loss of protein kinase C inhibition in the beta-T594M variant of the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 94 18, 9962-6

Menon, A G; Rutter, J L; von Sattel, J P; Synder, H; Murdoch, C; Blumenfeld, A; Martuza, R L; von Deimling, A; Gusella, J F; Houseal, T W 1997. Frequent loss of chromosome 14 in atypical and malignant meningioma: identification of a putative 'tumor progression' locus. Oncogene, 14 5, 611-6

Puga, A; Nebert, D W; McKinnon, R A; Menon, A G 1997. Genetic polymorphisms in human drug-metabolizing enzymes: potential uses of reverse genetics to identify genes of toxicological relevance. Critical reviews in toxicology, 27 2, 199-222

Stangl, A P; Wellenreuther, R; Lenartz, D; Kraus, J A; Menon, A G; Schramm, J; Wiestler, O D; von Deimling, A 1997. Clonality of multiple meningiomas. Journal of neurosurgery, 86 5, 853-8

Xie, J; Johnson, R L; Zhang, X; Bare, J W; Waldman, F M; Cogen, P H; Menon, A G; Warren, R S; Chen, L C; Scott, M P; Epstein, E H 1997. Mutations of the PATCHED gene in several types of sporadic extracutaneous tumors. Cancer research, 57 12, 2369-72

Shinoura, N; Chen, L; Wani, M A; Kim, Y G; Larson, J J; Warnick, R E; Simon, M; Menon, A G; Bi, W L; Stambrook, P J 1996. Protein and messenger RNA expression of connexin43 in astrocytomas: implications in brain tumor gene therapy. Journal of neurosurgery, 84 5, 839-45; discussion 8

Simon, M; Kokkino, A J; Warnick, R E; Tew, J M; von Deimling, A; Menon, A G 1996. Role of genomic instability in meningioma progression. Genes, chromosomes & cancer, 16 4, 265-9

Su, Y R; Rutkowski, M P; Klanke, C A; Wu, X; Cui, Y; Pun, R Y; Carter, V; Reif, M; Menon, A G 1996. A novel variant of the beta-subunit of the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel in African Americans. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 7 12, 2543-9

Burk, S E; Menon, A G; Shull, G E 1995. Analysis of the 5' end of the rat plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase isoform 3 gene and identification of extensive trinucleotide repeat sequences in the 5' untranslated region. Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1240 2, 119-24

Cox, D W; Gedde-Dahl, T; Menon, A G; Nygaard, T G; Tomlinson, I M; Peters, J; St George-Hyslop, P H; Walter, M A; Edwards, J H 1995. Report of the second international workshop on human chromosome 14 mapping 1994. Cytogenetics and cell genetics, 69 3-4, 159-74

Doney, M K; Gerken, S C; Lynch, R; Bhugra, B; Hug, K; White, R; Weissenbach, J; Menon, A G 1995. Precise mapping of t(12;14) leiomyoma breakpoint on chromosome 14 between D14S298 and D14S540. Cancer letters, 96 2, 245-52

Larson, J J; Tew, J M; Simon, M; Menon, A G 1995. Evidence for clonal spread in the development of multiple meningiomas. Journal of neurosurgery, 83 4, 705-9

Lekanne Deprez, R H; Riegman, P H; Groen, N A; Warringa, U L; van Biezen, N A; Molijn, A C; Bootsma, D; de Jong, P J; Menon, A G; Kley, N A 1995. Cloning and characterization of MN1, a gene from chromosome 22q11, which is disrupted by a balanced translocation in a meningioma. Oncogene, 10 8, 1521-8

Linn, S C; Askew, G R; Menon, A G; Shull, G E 1995. Conservation of an AE3 Cl-/HCO3- exchanger cardiac-specific exon and promoter region and AE3 mRNA expression patterns in murine and human hearts. Circulation research, 76 4, 584-91

Shinoura, N; Shamraj, O I; Hugenholz, H; Zhu, J G; McBlack, P; Warnick, R; Tew, J J; Wani, M A; Menon, A G 1995. Identification and partial sequence of a cDNA that is differentially expressed in human brain tumors. Cancer letters, 89 2, 215-21

Simon, M; von Deimling, A; Larson, J J; Wellenreuther, R; Kaskel, P; Waha, A; Warnick, R E; Tew, J M; Menon, A G 1995. Allelic losses on chromosomes 14, 10, and 1 in atypical and malignant meningiomas: a genetic model of meningioma progression. Cancer research, 55 20, 4696-701

von Deimling, A; Krone, W; Menon, A G 1995. Neurofibromatosis type 1: pathology, clinical features and molecular genetics. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 5 2, 153-62

Wellenreuther, R; Kraus, J A; Lenartz, D; Menon, A G; Schramm, J; Louis, D N; Ramesh, V; Gusella, J F; Wiestler, O D; von Deimling, A 1995. Analysis of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene reveals molecular variants of meningioma. The American journal of pathology, 146 4, 827-32

Yazaki, T; Takamiya, Y; Costello, P C; Mineta, T; Menon, A G; Rabkin, S D; Martuza, R L 1995. Inhibition of angiogenesis and growth of human non-malignant and malignant meningiomas by TNP-470. Journal of neuro-oncology, 23 1, 23-9

Bianchi, A B; Hara, T; Ramesh, V; Gao, J; Klein-Szanto, A J; Morin, F; Menon, A G; Trofatter, J A; Gusella, J F; Seizinger, B R 1994. Mutations in transcript isoforms of the neurofibromatosis 2 gene in multiple human tumour types. Nature genetics, 6 2, 185-92

Friedland, L R; Menon, A G; Reising, S F; Ruddy, R M; Hassett, D J 1994. Development of a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect the presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease, 20 4, 187-93

Hug, K; Doney, M K; Tyler, M J; Grundy, D A; Soukup, S; Houseal, T W; Menon, A G 1994. Physical mapping of the uterine leiomyoma t(12;14)(q13-15;q24.1) breakpoint on chromosome 14 between SPTB and D14S77. Genes, chromosomes & cancer, 11 4, 263-6

Klanke, C A; Su, Y R; Varvil, T S; Otterud, B E; Leppert, M; Menon, A G 1994. Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism from a cosmid containing the human anion exchanger isoform 3 (SLC2C) gene. Human molecular genetics, 3 11, 2086

Shinoura, N; Heffelfinger, S C; Miller, M; Shamraj, O I; Miura, N H; Larson, J J; DeTribolet, N; Warnick, R E; Tew, J J; Menon, A G 1994. RNA expression of complement regulatory proteins in human brain tumors. Cancer letters, 86 2, 143-9

Su, Y R; Klanke, C A; Houseal, T W; Linn, S C; Burk, S E; Varvil, T S; Otterud, B E; Shull, G E; Leppert, M F; Menon, A G 1994. Molecular cloning and physical and genetic mapping of the human anion exchanger isoform 3 (SLC2C) gene to chromosome 2q36. Genomics, 22 3, 605-9

von Deimling, A; Bender, B; Jahnke, R; Waha, A; Kraus, J; Albrecht, S; Wellenreuther, R; Fassbender, F; Nagel, J; Menon, A G 1994. Loci associated with malignant progression in astrocytomas: a candidate on chromosome 19q. Cancer research, 54 6, 1397-401

The, I; Murthy, A E; Hannigan, G E; Jacoby, L B; Menon, A G; Gusella, J F; Bernards, A 1993. Neurofibromatosis type 1 gene mutations in neuroblastoma. Nature genetics, 3 1, 62-6

Trofatter, J A; MacCollin, M M; Rutter, J L; Murrell, J R; Duyao, M P; Parry, D M; Eldridge, R; Kley, N; Menon, A G; Pulaski, K 1993. A novel moesin-, ezrin-, radixin-like gene is a candidate for the neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor. Cell, 75 4, 826

Trofatter, J A; MacCollin, M M; Rutter, J L; Murrell, J R; Duyao, M P; Parry, D M; Eldridge, R; Kley, N; Menon, A G; Pulaski, K 1993. A novel moesin-, ezrin-, radixin-like gene is a candidate for the neurofibromatosis 2 tumor suppressor. Cell, 72 5, 791-800

von Deimling, A; Louis, D N; Menon, A G; von Ammon, K; Petersen, I; Ellison, D; Wiestler, O D; Seizinger, B R 1993. Deletions on the long arm of chromosome 17 in pilocytic astrocytoma. Acta neuropathologica, 86 1, 81-5

Fontaine, B; Rouleau, G A; Seizinger, B R; Menon, A G; Jewell, A F; Martuza, R L; Gusella, J F 1991. Molecular genetics of neurofibromatosis 2 and related tumors (acoustic neuroma and meningioma). Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 615 , 338-43

Fontaine, B; Sanson, M; Delattre, O; Menon, A G; Rouleau, G A; Seizinger, B R; Jewell, A F; Hanson, M P; Aurias, A; Martuza, R L 1991. Parental origin of chromosome 22 loss in sporadic and NF2 neuromas. Genomics, 10 1, 280-3

Menon, A G; Ponder, B A; Seizinger, B R 1991. The neurofibromatosis genes: from molecular cloning to cellular function. Cancer cells (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. : 1989), 3 4, 147-52

Menon, A G; Anderson, K M; Riccardi, V M; Chung, R Y; Whaley, J M; Yandell, D W; Farmer, G E; Freiman, R N; Lee, J K; Li, F P 1990. Chromosome 17p deletions and p53 gene mutations associated with the formation of malignant neurofibrosarcomas in von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 87 14, 5435-9

Menon, A G; Gusella, J F; Seizinger, B R 1990. Progress toward the isolation and characterization of the genes causing neurofibromatosis. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland), 1 1, 33-40

Menon, A G; Gusella, J F; Seizinger, B R 1990. Progress towards the isolation and characterization of the genes causing neurofibromatosis. Cancer surveys, 9 4, 689-702

Fountain, J W; Wallace, M R; Brereton, A M; O'Connell, P; White, R L; Rich, D C; Ledbetter, D H; Leach, R J; Fournier, R E; Menon, A G 1989. Physical mapping of the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis region on chromosome 17. American journal of human genetics, 44 1, 58-67

Fountain, J W; Wallace, M R; Bruce, M A; Seizinger, B R; Menon, A G; Gusella, J F; Michels, V V; Schmidt, M A; Dewald, G W; Collins, F S 1989. Physical mapping of a translocation breakpoint in neurofibromatosis. Science (New York, N.Y.), 244 4908, 1085-7

Lloyd, J A; Lee, R F; Menon, A G; Lingrel, J B 1989. Sites I and II upstream of the A gamma globin gene bind nuclear factors and affect gene expression. Progress in clinical and biological research, 316A , 139-48

Menon, A G; Ledbetter, D H; Rich, D C; Seizinger, B R; Rouleau, G A; Michels, V F; Schmidt, M A; Dewald, G; DallaTorre, C M; Haines, J L 1989. Characterization of a translocation within the von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis region of chromosome 17. Genomics, 5 2, 245-9

Menon, A G; Lingrel, J B 1986. Structural and functional analysis of the goat epsilon-globin genes. Gene, 42 2, 141-50

Lingrel, J B; Townes, T M; Shapiro, S G; Wernke, S M; Liberator, P A; Menon, A G 1985. Structural organization of the alpha and beta globin loci of the goat. Progress in clinical and biological research, 191 , 67-79

Menon, A G; Klanke, C A; Su, Y R . Identification of disease genes by positional cloning. Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 4 3, 97-102